I-tunnel rigs: Ukuvula amandla eenkqubo zothutho eziphantsi komhlaba
Ukusetyenziswa kwamatonela njengendlela yothutho bekukho kangangeenkulungwane.Ukusuka kwimisele yamandulo yamaRoma ukuya kwiindlela zale mihla kunye noololiwe, iitonela bezisoloko ziyindlela efanelekileyo yokunqumla iintaba, imilambo kunye nemithombo yamanzi.Njengodidi lwezixhobo eziphucukileyo zokuqhuba itonela, isixhobo sokugrumba sivule isahluko esitsha kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yothutho ephantsi komhlaba.
Oomatshini abakruqulayo zizixhobo ezinzima ezisetyenziselwa ukwemba amatonela.Ingumatshini onzima kakhulu onamagiya amaninzi, iingcingo, iintloko zokusika kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.Aba matshini babebalulekile kuphuhliso lothutho oluphantsi komhlaba njengoko babekwazi ukungena ematyeni, emhlabeni kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima ukumba amatonela abo bonke ubukhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwetonela kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, ngalinye lifuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo.Inyathelo lokuqala lalibandakanya ukuyilwa kwetonela kunye nokugrunjwa kwetonela yokulinga kusetyenziswa oomatshini abakruqulayo.Nje ukuba itonela yokulinga igqitywe, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo kunye nobuchule ziya kusetyenziswa ukwandisa nokomeleza itonela, kuquka ukugrumba, ukuqhushumba kunye nokusebenzisa izakhiwo zenkxaso ezifana neeankile kunye neebholithi.
Oomatshini boring botonela betonela beza ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweprojekthi.Iitonela zokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nonyango zifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zetonela kuneetonela ezilungiselelwe ukuthutha.Oomatshini bokomba bale mihla basebenzisa indibanisela yezisiki ezijikelezayo, izixhobo ezisebenza ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic, neenkqubo zekhompyutha ukuze bembe amatonela ngocoselelo nangobuchule.
Itonela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezothutho eziphantsi komhlaba kuba ivumela abantu kunye neempahla ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye ngelixa zihlala kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba kuneendlela zemveli zothutho ezinjengeendlela kunye nololiwe.Iinkqubo zokuhamba ngaphantsi komhlaba ziyindlela entle yokunciphisa ingxinano yezithuthi, ukuphucula okusingqongileyo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Izixhobo zokugaya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kweziseko zothutho kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele.Ngokomzekelo, i-Channel Tunnel, i-tunnel ye-speed-speed rail edibanisa i-UK kunye neFransi, yakhiwe kusetyenziswa ukudibanisa iteknoloji ye-tunneling kunye noomatshini bokwemba.Itonela lagqitywa ngowe-1994 yaye ukususela ngoko liye laba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothungelwano lwezothutho lwaseYurophu.
Omnye umzekelo wetonela usebenzisa izixhobo zokomba yiGotthard Base Tunnel eSwitzerland.Ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-57 ubude, itonela lelona tonela likaloliwe lide kakhulu emhlabeni kwaye lagqitywa ngo-2016. Itonela isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zobuchule bokwenza itonela, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokomba, ukunciphisa kakhulu amaxesha okuhamba phakathi komntla nasezantsi kweSwitzerland.
Izixhobo zokugrumba nazo zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni konikezelo lwamanzi kunye neetonela zokuhambisa amanzi.Ezi ntlobo zetonela zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abantu abakwiindawo ezikude bayafikelela emanzini kunye nokulawula ubutyebi bamanzi kwiindawo zasezidolophini.Ukwakhiwa kwala matonela kufuna ubuchule kunye nezixhobo, kwaye oomatshini bokomba bebeyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokomba kuvule amathuba amatsha ophuhliso lweenkqubo zothutho eziphantsi komhlaba.Ngokukhula kweenkxalabo malunga nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo, iinkqubo zokuhamba eziphantsi komhlaba ziya zisiba yindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokunciphisa ingxinano yezithuthi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.Izixhobo zokugrumba ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokwakha, kwaye uphuhliso lwazo oluqhubekayo kunye nokulungiswa kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yezi projekthi.
Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokomba ukugrumba amatonela kuvula amathuba amatsha ophuhliso lweenkqubo zothutho eziphantsi komhlaba.Aba matshini babalulekile ekwakheni izithuthi, unikezelo lwamanzi kunye neetonela zokulahla inkunkuma.Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwaba matshini kuya kubaluleka kwimpumelelo yeeprojekthi zexesha elizayo ezijolise ekuphuculeni iziseko zothutho kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-06-2023
