Ukusukela ekwakhiweni kweemitha ezingama-770 iTaylor Hill ingoma eyodwaitonelakunye ne-2474 yeemitha ze-Victoria double track tunnel kwi-steam locomotive trailways e-Bhritane ngo-1826, iitonela ezininzi zikaloliwe ziye zakhiwa kumazwe anjengeBritane, iUnited States, neFransi.Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwakhiwe iitonela zikaloliwe ezili-11 ezinobude obungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezi-5, kubandakanywa neetonela ezi-3 ezinobude obungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-10.Phakathi kwazo, eyona inde yitonela kaloliwe yaseSaint Gotha eSwitzerland, eziimitha ezili-14998 ubude.Itonela likaloliwe iGalera ePeru, elavulwa ngo-1892, linobude obuziimitha ezingama-4782 kwaye ngoku lelona tonela likaloliwe likumgangatho ophezulu ehlabathini.Okwangoku, iTunnel yeFenghuo eQinghai Tibet Railway eTshayina ngowona mzila kaloliwe uphezulu ehlabathini umphakamo.Phambi kweminyaka yoo-1860, amatonela ayesakhiwa kusetyenziswa ukomba ngesandla kunye neendlela zokuqhushumba ngumgubo omnyama.Ngo-1861, ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwetonela likaloliwe iSinis Peak elinqumla iiAlps, uqheliso lwamatye omoya lwaqala ukusetyenziswa endaweni yokomba ngesandla.Ngo-1867, xa kwakusakhiwa i-Hussac Railway Tunnel eUnited States, kwasetyenziswa iziqhushumbisi zenitroglycerin endaweni yerhuluwa emnyama, eyathi yaphuhlisa ngakumbi ubugcisa bokwakha itonela kunye nesantya.
ITuneli yeShiqiuling, eyakhiwa yiTshayina ukusuka kwi-1887 ukuya kwi-1889 kumzila kaloliwe omxinwa osuka eTaipei ukuya eKeelung kwiPhondo laseTaiwan, yayiyitonela yokuqala kaloliwe eTshayina, enobude obuziimitha ezingama-261.Emva koko, amanye amatonela akhiwa koololiwe abanje ngeBeijing Han, kuMbindi Mpuma, kunye neZhengtai.Iitonela ezine ezakhiwe kwicandelo laseGuangou kuloliwe waseBeijing Zhangjiakou yayiziitonela zokuqala ezakhiwe kusetyenziswa amandla obugcisa baseTshayina.Elona tonela lide likaloliwe i-Badaling lineemitha ezili-1091 ubude kwaye lagqitywa ngo-1908. Phambi kuka-1950, i-China yayisakha kuphela itonela likaloliwe eliqhelekileyo eli-238, kunye nolwandiso olupheleleyo lweekhilomitha ezingama-89.Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950, inani lokwakhiwa kweetonela liye landa kakhulu.Phakathi ko-1950 no-1984, kwakhiwe iitonela zikaloliwe ezisemgangathweni ezingama-4247, kunye nolwandiso olupheleleyo lweekhilomitha ezingama-2014.5, nto leyo eyenza ibe lelinye lawona mazwe anoololiwe abaninzi emhlabeni.Inani leetonela zikaloliwe ezisemgangathweni waseTshayina ezakhiweyo zibonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1 [Inani leetonela zikaloliwe ezisemgangathweni zaseTshayina ezakhiweyo].Ukongeza, i-China iye yakha i-191 itonela kaloliwe emxinwa, kunye nokwandiswa kweekhilomitha ezingama-23.Ukususela ngowe-1984, iTshayina yaye yakha itonela eli-10 elinobude obungaphezu kweekhilomitha ezi-5 (Itheyibhile yesi-2 [Iitonela zikaloliwe ezinobude obungaphezu kweekhilomitha ezi-5 eTshayina]), elona lide yayiyi-Yimaling Railway Tunnel ye-Jingyuan Railway, eziimitha ezingama-7032 ubude.I-Dayao Mountains i-double track tunnel yecandelo le-Hengshao ye-Beijing Guangzhou Railway, i-14.3km ubude, iyakhiwa.Itonela likaloliwe liphezulu eTshayina yiGuanjiao Railway Tunnel kwiQinghai Tibet Railway, enobude obuziimitha ezingama-4010 kunye nokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-3690.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-06-2024
